West Nile Virus: Symptoms, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment
Introduction
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne illness transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States, with most cases occurring during the summer months.
Symptoms
Most people infected with WNV do not experience any symptoms. However, about 20% of people develop mild symptoms, including:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
Less than 1% of people develop severe symptoms, including:
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
- Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
- Paralysis
Transmission
WNV is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected by biting birds that carry the virus. The virus is not transmitted from person to person.
Prevention
There is no vaccine to prevent WNV, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of being infected:
- Use insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus
- Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors
- Avoid being outdoors at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active
- Remove standing water from your property, where mosquitoes can breed
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for WNV. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing further complications.
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